{"id":609,"date":"2019-07-04T13:55:30","date_gmt":"2019-07-04T17:55:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.elijahwald.com\/borderblog\/?p=609"},"modified":"2023-12-15T12:56:04","modified_gmt":"2023-12-15T17:56:04","slug":"frederick-douglass-on-immigration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elijahwald.com\/borderblog\/frederick-douglass-on-immigration\/","title":{"rendered":"Frederick Douglass on the Right to Immigrate"},"content":{"rendered":"In 1869, amid calls to limit Chinese immigration, Frederick Douglass responded with one of his greatest speeches:<\/p>\n
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Men, like bees, want elbow room. When the hive is overcrowded, the bees will swarm, and will be likely to take up their abode where they find the best prospect for honey. In matters of this sort, men are very much like bees\u2026. The same mighty forces which have swept to our shores the overflowing populations of Europe; which have reduced the people of Ireland three millions below its normal standard; will operate in a similar manner upon the hungry population of China and other parts of Asia. Home has its charms, and native land has its charms, but hunger, oppression, and destitution, will dissolve these charms and send men in search of new countries and new homes….<\/p>\n
I have said that the Chinese will come, and have given some reasons why we may expect them in very large numbers in no very distant future. Do you ask, if I favor such immigration, I answer I would….<\/p>\n
But are there not reasons against all this? Is there not such a law or principle as that of self-preservation? Does not every race owe something to itself? Should it not attend to the dictates of common sense…? Is there not such a thing as being more generous than wise? In the effort to promote civilization may we not corrupt and destroy what we have? Is it best to take on board more passengers than the ship will carry?<\/p>\n
To all of this and more I have one among many answers, altogether satisfactory to me, though I cannot promise that it will be so to you.<\/p>\n
I submit that this question of Chinese immigration should be settled upon higher principles than those of a cold and selfish expediency.<\/p>\n
There are such things in the world as human rights. They rest upon no conventional foundation, but are external, universal, and indestructible. Among these, is the right of locomotion; the right of migration; the right which belongs to no particular race, but belongs alike to all and to all alike. It is the right you assert by staying here, and your fathers asserted by coming here…. I know of no rights of race superior to the rights of humanity, and when there is a supposed conflict between human and national rights, it is safe to go to the side of humanity. I have great respect for the blue eyed and light haired races of America. They are a mighty people. In any struggle for the good things of this world they need have no fear. They have no need to doubt that they will get their full share.<\/p>\n
But I reject the arrogant and scornful theory by which they would limit migratory rights, or any other essential human rights to themselves, and which would make them the owners of this great continent to the exclusion of all other races of men.<\/p>\n
I want a home here not only for the negro, the mulatto and the Latin races; but I want the Asiatic to find a home here in the United States, and feel at home here, both for his sake and for ours. Right wrongs no man. If respect is had to majorities, the fact that only one fifth of the population of the globe is white, the other four fifths are colored, ought to have some weight and influence in disposing of this and similar questions. It would be a sad reflection upon the laws of nature and upon the idea of justice, to say nothing of a common Creator, if four fifths of mankind were deprived of the rights of migration to make room for the one fifth….<\/p>\n
So much for what is right; now let us see what is wise.<\/p>\n
I hold that a liberal and brotherly welcome to all who are likely to come to the United states, is the only wise policy which this nation can adopt….<\/p>\n
The apprehension that we shall be swamped or swallowed up by Mongolian civilization… does not seem entitled to much respect. Though they come as the waves come, we shall be stronger if we receive them as friends and give them a reason for loving our country and our institutions. They will find here a deeply rooted, indigenous, growing civilization, augmented by an ever increasing stream of immigration from Europe; and possession is nine points of the law in this case, as well as in others. They will come as strangers, we are at home. They will come to us, not we to them. They will come in their weakness, we shall meet them in our strength. They will come as individuals, we will meet them in multitudes, and with all the advantages of organization. Chinese children are in American schools in San Francisco, none of our children are in Chinese schools, and probably never will be, though in some things they might well teach us valuable lessons. Contact with these yellow children of The Celestial Empire would convince us that the points of human difference, great as they, upon first sight, seem, are as nothing compared with the points of human agreement. Such contact would remove mountains of prejudice….<\/p>\n
If it could be shown that any particular race of men are literally incapable of improvement, we might hesitate to welcome them here. But no such men are anywhere to be found, and if there were, it is not likely that they would ever trouble us with their presence. The fact that the Chinese and other nations desire to come and do come, is a proof of their fitness to come….<\/p>\n
I close these remarks as I began. If our action shall be in accordance with the principles of justice, liberty, and perfect human equality, no eloquence can adequately portray the greatness and grandeur of the future of the Republic.<\/p>\n
We shall spread the network of our science and civilization over all who seek their shelter whether from Asia, Africa, or the Isles of the sea. We shall mold them all, each after his kind, into Americans; Indian and Celt; Negro and Saxon; Latin and Teuton; Mongolian and Caucasian; Jew and Gentile; all shall here bow to the same law, speak the same language, support the same Government, enjoy the same liberty, vibrate with the same national enthusiasm, and seek the same national ends.<\/p>\n
Frederick Douglass, 1869.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"In 1869, amid calls to limit Chinese immigration, Frederick Douglass responded with one of his greatest speeches: Men, like bees, want elbow room. When the hive is overcrowded, the bees will swarm, and will be likely to take up their abode where they find the best prospect for honey. In matters of this sort, men … Continue reading Frederick Douglass on the Right to Immigrate<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4,10],"tags":[5,7,6],"class_list":["post-609","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bordercrossers","category-heroes","tag-frederick-douglass","tag-immigration","tag-open-borders"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Pursuit of Happiness: Frederick Douglass on 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of Illegal Immigration","author":"adminborderblog","date":"April 10, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"As I write, Israeli troops are massed on the no man\u2019s land separating Israel from Gaza, shooting tear gas grenades and live ammunition at Palestinian refugees who are gathered on the other side, throwing rocks, burning tires, and seeking to breech the barriers and send thousands of men, women and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "borders and crossers"","block_context":{"text":"borders and crossers","link":"https:\/\/www.elijahwald.com\/borderblog\/category\/bordercrossers\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.elijahwald.com\/borderblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/gaza-border-confrontation.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":194,"url":"https:\/\/www.elijahwald.com\/borderblog\/celebrating-illegal-immigration\/","url_meta":{"origin":609,"position":1},"title":"Celebrating Illegal Immigration","author":"adminborderblog","date":"April 12, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"\"Every time you see a cop on the beat, ask yourself what he is protecting, and from who.\" -- Malcolm X Traveling in Israel, I was pleasantly surprised to find that Haifa's tourist sites include a museum celebrating illegal immigration. 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Her answer: Just such as we would impose on our own citizens if they proposed to move about the country in companies numbering\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Heroes"","block_context":{"text":"Heroes","link":"https:\/\/www.elijahwald.com\/borderblog\/category\/heroes\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.elijahwald.com\/borderblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Mary_Antin_1915.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":364,"url":"https:\/\/www.elijahwald.com\/borderblog\/paris-immigration-center\/","url_meta":{"origin":609,"position":3},"title":"Report from Paris: The National Center for the History of Immigration","author":"adminborderblog","date":"May 19, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"In a conscious display of historical irony, France has established its Cit\u00e9 Nationale de l'Histoire de l'Immigration in the Palais de la Porte Dor\u00e9e, an astonishing building constructed for the International Colonial Exhibition of 1931. The facade of this building, which first housed the Mus\u00e9e des Colonies, is a huge\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "borders and crossers"","block_context":{"text":"borders and crossers","link":"https:\/\/www.elijahwald.com\/borderblog\/category\/bordercrossers\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.elijahwald.com\/borderblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Palais-de-la-porte-Doree.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":105,"url":"https:\/\/www.elijahwald.com\/borderblog\/welcome-to-normalization\/","url_meta":{"origin":609,"position":4},"title":"Welcome to Normalization","author":"adminborderblog","date":"April 24, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"In February, I spent ten days in the West Bank, the region of Israel\/Palestine that is officially off-limits to Israelis and -- theoretically, maybe, roughly -- intended to become an independent Palestinian state if some version of the \u201ctwo-state solution\u201d becomes a reality. When I mentioned to friends in the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "travels in Israel\/Palestine"","block_context":{"text":"travels in Israel\/Palestine","link":"https:\/\/www.elijahwald.com\/borderblog\/category\/travels-in-israel-palestine\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.elijahwald.com\/borderblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Arafat-mural-at-Qalandia-checkpoint-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":468,"url":"https:\/\/www.elijahwald.com\/borderblog\/communing-with-julian-tuwim\/","url_meta":{"origin":609,"position":5},"title":"Communing with Julian Tuwim","author":"adminborderblog","date":"August 3, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"I recently spent a couple of days in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a (which due to the oddities of Polish orthography is pronounced woodge, hence, as seat of the Polish film industry, Holly-\u0141\u00f3d\u017a), mostly to commune with the memory of Julian Tuwim. 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